The Incan Empire (1438-1572): Based in Cuzco, the Incan Empire stretched down the Western side of South America and encompassed many different ethnic groups, which all spoke the language Quechua (which, even today, is commonly spoken in Peru). It was a very advanced civilization (albeit short-lived), with a well-developed transportation system. Machu Picchu (see right) is probably the most famous land-mark of the Incas.
The Spanish Empire (1532-1824):In 1532, Francisco Pizarro arrived in Peru. Until 1534, he allowed a puppet Incan government to exist, but he soon declared Peru a Spanish colony. He moved the capital to Lima in 1535 and undertook a massive effort to convert the natives to Catholicism. After Pizarro's death, Spain sent a viceroy to manage the country and quell the frequent Incan rebellions.
The Republic of Peru (1824-1948):Jose San Martin & Co. went around South America liberating all the colonies of Europe, including Peru. He was named the first Protector of the nation. After that, Peru fought wars against its neighbors, including Ecuador and Bolivia. Eventually, things settled down with only a few internal conflicts (read: politics as usual).
Modern Day Peru (1948-present):
Peru has since undergone some difficulties, namely a few military dictators and the Shining Path fiasco. However, it has come out of it OK, and there is now a good economy and the country is democratic. Things look A-OK (provided Fujimori doesn't cause too much trouble in the future).
Peru has since undergone some difficulties, namely a few military dictators and the Shining Path fiasco. However, it has come out of it OK, and there is now a good economy and the country is democratic. Things look A-OK (provided Fujimori doesn't cause too much trouble in the future).
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